5.5.2 The First Noble Truth in detail
Dukkhasaccaṃ
The truth of stress1
Katamañ-ca, bhikkhave, Dukkhaṃ Ariyasaccaṃ?
Mendicants, Now what is the noble truth of Stress?
Jāti pi dukkhā,
Birth is stressful,
jarā pi dukkhā,
as is old age stressful,
maraṇam-pi dukkhaṃ,
just as death is stressful,
sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā pi dukkhā,
and grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow, & despair are stressful,
appiyehi sampayogo dukkho,
as being association with what is not liked is stressful, and
piyehi vippayogo dukkho,
separated from what is liked is stressful,
yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ,
also not to obtain what one longs for is stressful,
saṅkhittena pañcūpādānakkhandhā dukkhā.
in brief, the five sensorial aggregates that condition the appearance of life, which provide fuel for attachment are stressful.2
5.5.2a Birth3
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti?
Mendicants, what is birth?
Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye
For the numerous types of living beings in the many groupings of beings
jāti, sañjāti, okkanti, abhinibbatti;
there is birth, being born, coming to be, becoming;
khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo, āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho:
the sensorial aggregates that condition the appearance of life becomes manifested, the gaining of sense organs:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jāti.
Mendicants, this is called birth.
5.5.2b Old Age
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jarā?
Mendicants, what is old age?
Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye
For the numerous types of living beings in the many groupings of beings
jarā, jīraṇatā, khaṇḍiccaṃ, pāliccaṃ, valittacatā;
there is old age, decaying, broken teeth, grey hairs, and wrinkles;
āyuno saṃhāni, indriyānaṃ paripāko:
aged, the sense faculties weaken:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarā.
Mendicants, this is called old age.
5.5.2c Death
Katamañ-ca, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ?
Mendicants, what is death?
Yaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā
For the numerous types of living beings in the many groupings of beings
cuti, cavanatā, bhedo, antaradhānaṃ, maccu, maraṇaṃ, kālakiriyā;
there is a fall, a falling away, a breaking up, a disappearance, a dying, a death, a making of time;
khandhānaṃ bhedo, kaḷebarassa nikkhepo;
the break up of the constituent groups (of mind and body), the throwing off of the body;
jīvitindriyassupacchedo:
the cutting off of the life faculty:
idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ.
Mendicants, this is called death.
5.5.2d Grief
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, soko?
Mendicants, what is grief?
Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa,
Mendicants, for those who have some form of hardship or other,
aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa,
who is touched by some sort of depressive thing or another,
soko, socanā, socitattaṃ, antosoko, antoparisoko:
there is grief, grieving, mourning, anxiety, anxiety neurosis:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, soko.
This, mendicants, is called grief.
5.5.2e Lamentation
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paridevo?
Now what, mendicants, is lamentation?
Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa,
Mendicants, for those who have some form of hardship or other,
aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa,
who is touched by some sort of miserable thing or another,
ādevo, paridevo, ādevanā, paridevanā, ādevitattaṃ, paridevitattaṃ:
there is regret, crying, lamenting, totally lamenting, bemoaning, and bewailing:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paridevo.
This, mendicants, is called lamentation.
5.5.2f Pain
Katamañ-ca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ?
Mendicants, now what is pain?4
Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ, kāyikaṃ asātaṃ,
Mendicants, indeed because of bodily stress, bodily unpleasantness,
kāyasamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ, asātaṃ vedayitaṃ:
stress native to contact with the body, disagreeable feelings:
idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ.
mendicants, this is called pain.
5.5.2g Displeasure
Katamañ-ca, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ?
Mendicants, now what is displeasure?
Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ, cetasikaṃ asātaṃ,
Mendicants, indeed because of mental stress, mental unpleasantness,
manosamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ, asātaṃ vedayitaṃ:
stress native to contact with the mind, disagreeable feelings:
idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ.
mendicants, this is called displeasure.
5.5.2h Despair
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, upāyāso?
Mendicants, now what is despair?
Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa,
Mendicants, indeed whoever has some sort of hardship or other,
aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa,
who is touched by some sort of miserable thing or another,
āyāso, upāyāso, āyāsitattaṃ, upāyāsitattaṃ:
there is trouble, despairing, distress, the state of despair:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, upāyāso.
This, mendicants, is called despair.
5.5.2i With what is unpleasant
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho?
Mendicants, now what is the stress from being with what is unpleasant?
Idha yassa te honti aniṭṭhā akantā amanāpā
For one who exists with disagreeable, unpleasant, detestable
rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā;
forms, sounds, smells, tastes, tactile sensations, and thoughts;
ye vā panassa te honti anatthakāmā ahitakāmā aphāsukakāmā ayogakkhemakāmā -
also for one who live with those who desire their harm, who do not desire there welfare, nor desire their comfort, rather desire their binding to attachments -
yā tehi saddhiṃ saṅgati samāgamo samodhānaṃ missībhāvo:
then together having associations, meetings, connection, and intercourse with them:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho.
mendicants, this is called the stress of being with what is unpleasant.
5.5.2j Away from what is pleasant
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho?
Mendicants, now what is the stress from being away from what is pleasant?
Idha yassa te honti iṭṭhā kantā manāpā
For one who exists with agreeable, pleasant, lovable
rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā;
forms, sounds, smells, tastes, tactile sensations, and thoughts;
ye vā panassa te honti atthakāmā hitakāmā phāsukakāmā yogakkhemakāmā -
also for one who live with those who do desire their welfare, there benefit, have desire for their comfort, and their freedom from attachments -
mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā bhaginī vā,
mothers, or fathers, brothers, or sisters,
mittā vā amaccā vā ñātisālohitā vā -
or friends, colleagues, or relatives -
yā tehi saddhiṃ asaṅgati asamāgamo asamodhānaṃ amissībhāvo:
then not having together associations, meetings, connection, and intercourse with them:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho.
mendicants, this is called the stress of being away from what is pleasant.
5.5.2k Not getting what one wants
Katamañ-ca, bhikkhave, yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ?
Mendicants, what is the stress from not getting what one wants?
Jātidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati:
Mendicants, for beings subject to rebirth, this longing arises:
“Aho vata mayaṃ na jātidhammā assāma,
“Oh, might we not be subject to rebirth,
na ca vata no jāti āgaccheyyā!” ti
may rebirth no longer come to us!”
Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ:
However, this, really cannot be gained by longing for it:
idam-pi yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ.
this is the stress from not getting what one wants.
Jarādhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati:
Mendicants, for beings subject to old age, this longing arises:
“Aho vata mayaṃ na jarādhammā assāma,
“Oh, might we not be subject to old age,
na ca vata no jarā āgaccheyyā!” ti
may ageing no longer come to us!”
Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ:
However, this, really cannot be gained by longing for it:
idam-pi yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ.
this is the stress from not getting what one wants.
Byādhidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati:
Mendicants, for beings subject to sickness, this longing arises:
“Aho vata mayaṃ na byādhidhammā assāma,
“Oh, might we not be subject to sickness,
na ca vata no byādhi āgaccheyyā!” ti
may sickness no longer come to us!”
Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ:
However, this, really cannot be gained by longing for it:
idam-pi yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ.
this is the stress from not getting what one wants.
Maraṇadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati:
Mendicants, for beings subject to death, this longing arises:
“Aho vata mayaṃ na maraṇadhammā assāma,
“Oh, might we not be subject to death,
na ca vata no maraṇaṃ āgaccheyyā!” ti
may death no longer come to us!”
Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ:
However, this, really cannot be gained by longing for it:
idam-pi yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ.
this is the stress from not getting what one wants.
Sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati:
Mendicants, for beings subject to sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure & grief, this longing arises:
“Aho vata mayaṃ na sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā assāma,
“Oh, might we not be subject to sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure & grief,
na ca vata no sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā āgaccheyyun!” ti
may sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure & grief no longer come to us!”
Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ:
However, this, really cannot be gained by longing for it:
idam-pi yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ.
this is the stress from not getting what one wants.
5.5.2l The Five Sensorial Aggregates that Condition the Appearance of Life and Fuel Attachment5
Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañcūpādānakkhandhā dukkhā?
Now what, mendicants, in brief, are the five sensorial aggregates that condition the appearance of life and fuel attachment that are stressful?
Seyyathīdaṃ:
They are as follows:
rūpūpādānakkhandho
the material compositions that condition the appearance of life which are fuel for attachment,
vedanūpādānakkhandho
the feelings that condition the appearance of life which are fuel for attachment,
saññūpādānakkhandho
the perceptions that condition the appearance of life which are fuel for attachment,
saṅkhārūpādānakkhandho
the mental fabrications that condition the appearance of life which are fuel for attachment,
viññāṇūpādānakkhandho.
the consciousness constituent that condition the appearance of life which are fuel for attachment.
Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañcūpādānakkhandhā dukkhā.
Mendicants, These are called, in brief, the five sensorial aggregates that condition the appearance of life and fuel attachment that are stressful.
Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, Dukkhaṃ Ariyasaccaṃ.
Mendicants, this is called the Noble Truth of Stress.
Dukkhasaccaṃ
The truth of stress1
Katamañ-ca, bhikkhave, Dukkhaṃ Ariyasaccaṃ?
Mendicants, Now what is the noble truth of Stress?
Jāti pi dukkhā,
Birth is stressful,
jarā pi dukkhā,
as is old age stressful,
maraṇam-pi dukkhaṃ,
just as death is stressful,
sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā pi dukkhā,
and grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow, & despair are stressful,
appiyehi sampayogo dukkho,
as being association with what is not liked is stressful, and
piyehi vippayogo dukkho,
separated from what is liked is stressful,
yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ,
also not to obtain what one longs for is stressful,
saṅkhittena pañcūpādānakkhandhā dukkhā.
in brief, the five sensorial aggregates that condition the appearance of life, which provide fuel for attachment are stressful.2
5.5.2a Birth3
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti?
Mendicants, what is birth?
Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye
For the numerous types of living beings in the many groupings of beings
jāti, sañjāti, okkanti, abhinibbatti;
there is birth, being born, coming to be, becoming;
khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo, āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho:
the sensorial aggregates that condition the appearance of life becomes manifested, the gaining of sense organs:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jāti.
Mendicants, this is called birth.
5.5.2b Old Age
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jarā?
Mendicants, what is old age?
Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye
For the numerous types of living beings in the many groupings of beings
jarā, jīraṇatā, khaṇḍiccaṃ, pāliccaṃ, valittacatā;
there is old age, decaying, broken teeth, grey hairs, and wrinkles;
āyuno saṃhāni, indriyānaṃ paripāko:
aged, the sense faculties weaken:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarā.
Mendicants, this is called old age.
5.5.2c Death
Katamañ-ca, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ?
Mendicants, what is death?
Yaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā
For the numerous types of living beings in the many groupings of beings
cuti, cavanatā, bhedo, antaradhānaṃ, maccu, maraṇaṃ, kālakiriyā;
there is a fall, a falling away, a breaking up, a disappearance, a dying, a death, a making of time;
khandhānaṃ bhedo, kaḷebarassa nikkhepo;
the break up of the constituent groups (of mind and body), the throwing off of the body;
jīvitindriyassupacchedo:
the cutting off of the life faculty:
idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ.
Mendicants, this is called death.
5.5.2d Grief
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, soko?
Mendicants, what is grief?
Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa,
Mendicants, for those who have some form of hardship or other,
aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa,
who is touched by some sort of depressive thing or another,
soko, socanā, socitattaṃ, antosoko, antoparisoko:
there is grief, grieving, mourning, anxiety, anxiety neurosis:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, soko.
This, mendicants, is called grief.
5.5.2e Lamentation
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paridevo?
Now what, mendicants, is lamentation?
Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa,
Mendicants, for those who have some form of hardship or other,
aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa,
who is touched by some sort of miserable thing or another,
ādevo, paridevo, ādevanā, paridevanā, ādevitattaṃ, paridevitattaṃ:
there is regret, crying, lamenting, totally lamenting, bemoaning, and bewailing:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paridevo.
This, mendicants, is called lamentation.
5.5.2f Pain
Katamañ-ca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ?
Mendicants, now what is pain?4
Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ, kāyikaṃ asātaṃ,
Mendicants, indeed because of bodily stress, bodily unpleasantness,
kāyasamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ, asātaṃ vedayitaṃ:
stress native to contact with the body, disagreeable feelings:
idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ.
mendicants, this is called pain.
5.5.2g Displeasure
Katamañ-ca, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ?
Mendicants, now what is displeasure?
Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ, cetasikaṃ asātaṃ,
Mendicants, indeed because of mental stress, mental unpleasantness,
manosamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ, asātaṃ vedayitaṃ:
stress native to contact with the mind, disagreeable feelings:
idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ.
mendicants, this is called displeasure.
5.5.2h Despair
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, upāyāso?
Mendicants, now what is despair?
Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa,
Mendicants, indeed whoever has some sort of hardship or other,
aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa,
who is touched by some sort of miserable thing or another,
āyāso, upāyāso, āyāsitattaṃ, upāyāsitattaṃ:
there is trouble, despairing, distress, the state of despair:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, upāyāso.
This, mendicants, is called despair.
5.5.2i With what is unpleasant
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho?
Mendicants, now what is the stress from being with what is unpleasant?
Idha yassa te honti aniṭṭhā akantā amanāpā
For one who exists with disagreeable, unpleasant, detestable
rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā;
forms, sounds, smells, tastes, tactile sensations, and thoughts;
ye vā panassa te honti anatthakāmā ahitakāmā aphāsukakāmā ayogakkhemakāmā -
also for one who live with those who desire their harm, who do not desire there welfare, nor desire their comfort, rather desire their binding to attachments -
yā tehi saddhiṃ saṅgati samāgamo samodhānaṃ missībhāvo:
then together having associations, meetings, connection, and intercourse with them:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho.
mendicants, this is called the stress of being with what is unpleasant.
5.5.2j Away from what is pleasant
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho?
Mendicants, now what is the stress from being away from what is pleasant?
Idha yassa te honti iṭṭhā kantā manāpā
For one who exists with agreeable, pleasant, lovable
rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā;
forms, sounds, smells, tastes, tactile sensations, and thoughts;
ye vā panassa te honti atthakāmā hitakāmā phāsukakāmā yogakkhemakāmā -
also for one who live with those who do desire their welfare, there benefit, have desire for their comfort, and their freedom from attachments -
mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā bhaginī vā,
mothers, or fathers, brothers, or sisters,
mittā vā amaccā vā ñātisālohitā vā -
or friends, colleagues, or relatives -
yā tehi saddhiṃ asaṅgati asamāgamo asamodhānaṃ amissībhāvo:
then not having together associations, meetings, connection, and intercourse with them:
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho.
mendicants, this is called the stress of being away from what is pleasant.
5.5.2k Not getting what one wants
Katamañ-ca, bhikkhave, yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ?
Mendicants, what is the stress from not getting what one wants?
Jātidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati:
Mendicants, for beings subject to rebirth, this longing arises:
“Aho vata mayaṃ na jātidhammā assāma,
“Oh, might we not be subject to rebirth,
na ca vata no jāti āgaccheyyā!” ti
may rebirth no longer come to us!”
Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ:
However, this, really cannot be gained by longing for it:
idam-pi yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ.
this is the stress from not getting what one wants.
Jarādhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati:
Mendicants, for beings subject to old age, this longing arises:
“Aho vata mayaṃ na jarādhammā assāma,
“Oh, might we not be subject to old age,
na ca vata no jarā āgaccheyyā!” ti
may ageing no longer come to us!”
Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ:
However, this, really cannot be gained by longing for it:
idam-pi yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ.
this is the stress from not getting what one wants.
Byādhidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati:
Mendicants, for beings subject to sickness, this longing arises:
“Aho vata mayaṃ na byādhidhammā assāma,
“Oh, might we not be subject to sickness,
na ca vata no byādhi āgaccheyyā!” ti
may sickness no longer come to us!”
Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ:
However, this, really cannot be gained by longing for it:
idam-pi yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ.
this is the stress from not getting what one wants.
Maraṇadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati:
Mendicants, for beings subject to death, this longing arises:
“Aho vata mayaṃ na maraṇadhammā assāma,
“Oh, might we not be subject to death,
na ca vata no maraṇaṃ āgaccheyyā!” ti
may death no longer come to us!”
Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ:
However, this, really cannot be gained by longing for it:
idam-pi yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ.
this is the stress from not getting what one wants.
Sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati:
Mendicants, for beings subject to sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure & grief, this longing arises:
“Aho vata mayaṃ na sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā assāma,
“Oh, might we not be subject to sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure & grief,
na ca vata no sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā āgaccheyyun!” ti
may sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure & grief no longer come to us!”
Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ:
However, this, really cannot be gained by longing for it:
idam-pi yam-picchaṃ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṃ.
this is the stress from not getting what one wants.
5.5.2l The Five Sensorial Aggregates that Condition the Appearance of Life and Fuel Attachment5
Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañcūpādānakkhandhā dukkhā?
Now what, mendicants, in brief, are the five sensorial aggregates that condition the appearance of life and fuel attachment that are stressful?
Seyyathīdaṃ:
They are as follows:
rūpūpādānakkhandho
the material compositions that condition the appearance of life which are fuel for attachment,
vedanūpādānakkhandho
the feelings that condition the appearance of life which are fuel for attachment,
saññūpādānakkhandho
the perceptions that condition the appearance of life which are fuel for attachment,
saṅkhārūpādānakkhandho
the mental fabrications that condition the appearance of life which are fuel for attachment,
viññāṇūpādānakkhandho.
the consciousness constituent that condition the appearance of life which are fuel for attachment.
Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañcūpādānakkhandhā dukkhā.
Mendicants, These are called, in brief, the five sensorial aggregates that condition the appearance of life and fuel attachment that are stressful.
Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, Dukkhaṃ Ariyasaccaṃ.
Mendicants, this is called the Noble Truth of Stress.
Notes
1
Each truth has three aspects in the development of understanding towards them found in the Dhammacakkappavattana sutta SN56.11, Tahn Ajahn Sumedho has neatly summed the three aspects up as “there is a statement, then the prescription and then the result of having practised,” here, within the First Noble Truth these are - ““This is the noble truth of stress” ...”; “Now to what“this noble truth of stress” refers should be fully understood...”; “Now to what“this noble truth of stress” refers has been fully understood....””
2
See section 5.2 The Section on the Sensorial aggregates that condition the appearance of life.
3
Life is said to begin when consciousness first arises, at conception. See also Mahānidāna Sutta DN15.21.
4
Dukkha translated here as pain, is closer in meaning to dis-satisfactoriness, having the sense of that which is hard to endure. There is bodily pain, and mental pain, both being covered within dukkha. It's opposite being sukkha normally translated as happiness, pleasure, or joy.
5
See also Footnote 111.
Each truth has three aspects in the development of understanding towards them found in the Dhammacakkappavattana sutta SN56.11, Tahn Ajahn Sumedho has neatly summed the three aspects up as “there is a statement, then the prescription and then the result of having practised,” here, within the First Noble Truth these are - ““This is the noble truth of stress” ...”; “Now to what“this noble truth of stress” refers should be fully understood...”; “Now to what“this noble truth of stress” refers has been fully understood....””
2
See section 5.2 The Section on the Sensorial aggregates that condition the appearance of life.
3
Life is said to begin when consciousness first arises, at conception. See also Mahānidāna Sutta DN15.21.
4
Dukkha translated here as pain, is closer in meaning to dis-satisfactoriness, having the sense of that which is hard to endure. There is bodily pain, and mental pain, both being covered within dukkha. It's opposite being sukkha normally translated as happiness, pleasure, or joy.
5
See also Footnote 111.
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